Wild animals in cities can cause chaos! Can you imagine the trouble that baboons in city centres could cause?Do the preparation exercise first and then read the article.

I. Match the vocabulary with the correct definitions and write a–f next to the numbers 1–6.

1. b. a species of monkey a baboon
2. a. something that annoys people a pest
3. f. having affection for something fond (of something)
4. d. a way of thinking an attitude
5. c. a species at risk of dying out an endangered species
6. e. having been left alone and uncared for by an owner abandoned

II Read the text and do the exercises to check your understanding.

Small animals like birds, squirrels, mice and insects are a common sight in many cities and towns. But in recent years, the world’s press has been full of reports of wild animals coming into cities in bigger and bigger numbers. There have been bears in Vancouver parks, leopards on the streets of Mumbai and wild pigs in gardens in Berlin. What happens when bigger animals come into our cities? Are they welcome or are they considered a danger or a pest?Often wild animals come into cities to look for food. In Cape Town, South Africa, baboons have started coming into residential areas on the edge of the city to feed. They open rubbish bins and eat fruit from gardens and orchards. Some brave baboons have even come into people’s houses and taken food from kitchen cupboards and fridges! Baboons can be aggressive and have attacked a lot of pet animals, so understandably, many city residents don’t welcome their presence. The city can be a dangerous place for baboons too. Some have been injured or killed in car accidents and others have been electrocuted as they played with electric cables. Baboons are an endangered species and to save them and minimise conflicts between humans and baboons, the city council has employed a team of Baboon Monitors. The monitors’ job is to chase baboons out of urban areas or catch them and release them in the countryside. This policy has had some success, though it is proving hard to stop baboons from coming back to the city once they see it as a source of easy food.In Berlin in Germany, groups of wild pigs often come into the suburbs to look for food. They dig up parks and gardens looking for roots, fungi, insects and other small animals to eat. Apart from damage to parks and gardens, the pigs have also caused several traffic accidents as they are slow to move off roads when cars are approaching. In spite of this, some city residents welcome the pigs and have been giving them food. They argue that pigs have been coming into the city for centuries and that people should learn to live with them. This attitude was not shared by the city council. Their first reaction was to employ a group of hunters to shoot young pigs. Many city residents complained that this was unnecessarily cruel and there were heated arguments between hunters and animal lovers. In response to protests, the city council decided to take more peaceful action against pigs. Instead of shooting them, they have put up fences and made it illegal to feed the pigs. Time will tell if this strategy works, though it may be a losing battle as warmer winters mean that pig numbers are greater than in the past.One of the most interesting cases of wild animals living in a city are the wild dogs of Moscow. In Moscow, there are approximately 35,000 wild dogs living on the streets. Some of the dogs were born wild, while others are pets that have been abandoned by their owners. Some dogs live alone and others live in packs. In 2010, scientists studied the dogs and found that the dogs have adapted remarkably successfully to urban life. They have learned that it is safer to cross the street with people and some dogs appear to understand traffic lights. Dogs that live in packs have learnt that humans are more likely to give food to smaller, cuter dogs so those dogs are sent to beg for food for the whole pack. Some dogs have even learnt to use the city’s metro system to get from one part of their territory to another! Scientists are not sure how the dogs know when to get off the train. One idea is that they use their excellent sense of smell and have learnt to recognise the scents of their favourite destinations. Another possibility is that they have learnt to recognise the names of stations they hear in announcements. Either way, metro passengers have now got so used to the sight of dogs on the trains that they travel largely unnoticed by locals. Many city residents have grown fond of the dogs. Some people feed them and others have built shelters to help the dogs survive the brutally cold Moscow winters.Some animals, like the dogs in Moscow, have adapted very well to city life. For others, the city is a dangerous place and it is difficult for animals to live in harmony with humans. It would be a shame to hurt or kill animals when they come into cities to look for food. Hopefully, city councils, conservationists and city residents can work together and find imaginative ways to keep bigger animals out of cities without harming them.

III. Circle the best option to complete these sentences

1. City residents in Cape Town do not like the baboons because

● they dig up parks and gardens

● they can be aggressive

● they beg for food .

2. Groups of wild pigs have been coming into Berlin

● since the early twentieth century

● in recent times

● for hundreds of years

3. In Moscow, small cute dogs are more likely

●to be fed by city residents

● to be given shelter in winter

●to be the leaders of their packs

4. In Berlin, the city council changed their policy because

● it was unsuccessful

● it was unpopular

● it was expensive

5. The relationship between people and animals is most harmonious .

● in Cape Town

● in Berlin

● in Moscow

6. The wild pigs in Berlin are

● carnivores

● omnivores

● herbivores.

IV. Circle True or False for these sentences.

1. There have been newspaper reports of bears on the streets of Mumbai. True, False

2. In Cape Town, baboons often go into the city centre. True, False

3. Scientists think the dogs in Moscow use their senses to know when toget off a train. True, False

4. In Berlin, the hunters were employed to shoot young pigs. True False

5. It is difficult to stop baboons from coming back to the city to find food. True, False

6. Some people in Berlin have built shelters to help the pigs survive thecold winters. True, False

7. All the wild dogs in Moscow used to be pets. True, False

8. It is against the law to feed pigs in Berlin. True, False

V. Which animals do you see in the town or city where you live? Are any of them dangerous?Does your town or city have any problems with wild animals?

Wild Animals and City Life: The Case of YerevanYerevan, the capital of Armenia, is a bustling city with a variety of animals, both domestic and wild. The most common animals seen in the city are stray cats and dogs, along with birds such as pigeons, crows, and sparrows. While these animals are generally harmless, their presence still raises certain concerns, especially regarding the growing population of stray dogs.

Although wild animals rarely enter Yerevan, there have been occasional reports of bears or wolves appearing in nearby villages, especially during winter when food becomes scarce in the mountains. However, they rarely venture into the city itself. The main issue Yerevan faces is the large number of stray dogs. Some people fear them, particularly when they form packs, as they can seem threatening. At the same time, many residents show kindness by feeding the animals and supporting shelters that provide medical care and protection.

Despite the challenges, the relationship between people and animals in Yerevan is mostly positive. Animal welfare organizations are working to control the stray population in humane ways, such as through vaccination and sterilization programs. Furthermore, many individuals adopt stray animals, giving them loving homes.

In conclusion, while Yerevan does not struggle with dangerous wild animals, the issue of stray dogs remains a concern. However, the city’s compassionate residents and active animal welfare groups are making continuous efforts to find a balance, ensuring both people and animals can coexist peacefully.

Educational qualifications are often seen as a pathway to success because they provide knowledge, skills, and credentials that open doors to opportunities. For instance, professions like medicine, engineering, or law require formal education to ensure competence. A degree can also serve as proof of discipline and commitment, qualities valued by employers.

However, success is not solely dependent on formal education. Many successful individuals, such as entrepreneurs and artists, have excelled through creativity, determination, and self-learning. Practical experience, networking, and adaptability are equally important factors in achieving one’s goals. For example, Steve Jobs and Richard Branson achieved remarkable success despite not completing traditional education paths.

In my opinion, while education provides a strong foundation, it is not the only route to success. A combination of education, experience, and personal traits such as resilience and creativity plays a more comprehensive role in achieving one’s aspirations.

Sleep is a vital process for mental and physical health, yet sleep deprivation is a widespread issue, particularly among teenagers. Lack of sufficient sleep often leads to symptoms such as irritability, fatigue, memory lapses, and impaired concentration. Long-term sleep deprivation can contribute to serious health issues, including weakened immunity, obesity, heart disease, and diabetes.

Teenagers are especially prone to sleep problems due to academic pressures, social activities, and the overuse of electronic devices. Studies reveal that the majority of teens get less than the recommended 8–10 hours of sleep per night. This sleep deficit often results in decreased cognitive abilities, difficulty learning, and poor academic performance. Moreover, emotional disturbances such as anxiety and depression are exacerbated by insufficient sleep.

To combat sleep deprivation, adopting good sleep hygiene is essential. This includes setting a consistent sleep schedule, limiting screen time before bed, and creating a relaxing bedtime routine. In more severe cases, medical intervention or therapy might be necessary. Prioritizing sleep is not just about rest; it’s about ensuring peak mental, physical, and emotional health.

The Mekhitarist Congregation is an Armenian religious covenant and cultural institution that follows the Rule of Saint Benedict. It was founded in 1700 in Constantinople by Abbot Mkhitar Sebastatsi (born 7 February 1676, in Sebastia). Mkhitar Sebastatsi founded the Congregation by gathering a group of Armenian youth around him.he cultural undertakings, activity, and production of the Congregation is invaluable. Their goal was to study and introduce the Armenian people to their historical, ecclesiastical, literary, linguistic, scientific, and cultural values over the centuries. It is due to this rich activity of the Mekhitarists, carried out with unprecedented consistency, that in the 19th century we witness the flourishing of Armenian culture, called the Renaissance. The Congregation has enriched the treasury of the Armenian people, particularly with theological, commentary, bibliographic, historiographical, grammatical, lexical, geographical, linguistic, biographical, ecclesiastical, archaeological, manuscript, patriarchal, rhetorical, monastic, and historical works. It is within this context that the most important works of Greek and Latin, Italian, French, German and English literature and philosophical thought were translated into Armenian.

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